If you can find been one immutable rule in the course of American television heritage, it's been regional information. Nearly from the moment the station initially signed on air, they commenced carrying nearby information exactly where sports activities normally performed a major position. An absence of dependable programming sources in these early a long time led a lot of stations to show to sporting activities to fill their broadcasting schedules. Big apple's WNBT television signed on to broadcast in July 1941, and its initial broadcast was a specialist baseball activity ("NBC History", 2003). When building regional newscasts to go well with their viewers, these stations ordinarily included sports and climate. By way of example, in 1961 WKMG started off its to start with full-time news department in Orlando. Newscasts include Frank Vaught's sports reports ("The background of," 2003).
Sports activities have held a dominant place in neighborhood news broadcasting for numerous a long time, but latest sector developments have named into issue this placement. Segmented audiences, modifying demographics, and declining news profitability have forced the station to reexamine its local sporting activities phase. “Athletics has become the very last regions of Television exactly where people do matters how they constantly have,” states television govt Elliott Wiser. “(Nowadays) a whole new strategy is needed” (Deggans, 2000).
Trouble for Community Television Information
미국인들에게 뉴스의 주요 제공자로서 텔레비전의 패권을 위협하는 몇 가지 요인이 결합되었습니다. Job for Excellence in Journalism(2002)에서 수행한 연구에 따르면 텔레비전 뉴스 방송이 시청자를 잃고 있습니다. 1998년에는 방송국의 2/three가 지역 뉴스 방송 시청률이 감소했다고 보고했습니다. 2002년까지 그 수치는 seventy six%로 증가했습니다. 2001년 9월 테러 이후에도 지역 뉴스 시청률은 seven% 떨어졌다.
인터넷, 케이블 채널 및 가정용 위성과 같은 미디어 소스의 출현은 시청자에게 뉴스 대안을 제공했습니다. Radio and Television Information Director’s Association(“Altering channels”, 1996)의 연구에 따르면, “대중의 상당 부분이 정기적으로 다른 다양한 소스에 귀를 기울입니다.”
점점 더 많은 방송국이 대형 미디어 회사에 의해 통제됨에 따라 지역 텔레비전 뉴스도 수익 지향적이 되었습니다. 예를 들어, 2002년 첫 몇 주 동안 세 개의 방송국 그룹은 자회사 방송국에서 지역 뉴스를 완전히 제거하기로 결정했습니다(Trigoboff, 2002). Television set 뉴스 컨설턴트인 짐 윌리는 "대혁명이 일어날 것 같다"고 말했다. "같은 시장에서 동시에 4~five개의 뉴스 방송을 해야 합니까?" (Trigoboff, 2002).
Dilemma for Nearby Television set Sports activities
None of the is Excellent news with the regional tv sports activities sector, which is ever more below scrutiny from station execs. Irrespective of its standard existence inside area newscasts, sports activities have extensive been deemed a "tuning" variable. In accordance with a study from the Radio and tv Information Directors Basis, only 31% of viewers said they have been 'pretty interested' in athletics and 32% were being 'fairly intrigued' ("Journalism and Ethics", 1998). This compares to seventy two% who expressed interest while in the temperature. "Sports are really polarizing." reported television news specialist Brent Magid. “The bulk can accept, leave, or despise” (Greppi, 2002).
Reports have revealed that women are much a lot less interested in sports than Guys (Gantz and Wenner, 1991; Perse, 1992), and several stations have acted appropriately. In 2000, Tampa's WTSP dropped the Activity from its early night newscasts. Based on station news director Jim Church, "Telling a story when no person is listening will not be a very good use of air time" (Deggans, 2000).
Some stations have eliminated the sport, while others have decreased their allotted time. With regards to the working day with the 7 days (weekends have additional sporting activities time), sporting activities segments have traditionally received involving a few and 5 minutes of regional information coverage. Now that quantity is down to about a moment. In 2002, Pittsburgh's KDKA Slash some time for sporting activities by just 3 plus a 50 percent minutes for three hours of news. Others during the field have executed new techniques, for instance athletics stories that focus more on people today than scores or cater to your wider news viewers. "What we are wanting to do now is treat sporting activities as news," says KDKA information director Al Blinke. “We want to do some thing beyond sporting activities” (Finder, 2002).
Discussion
스포츠 부문에서 일어나고 있는 변화는 시간 할당보다 콘텐츠, 스타일 및 프레젠테이션과 더 관련이 있습니다. 아마도 시청자에게 모든 스포츠 네트워크와 대조되는 것을 제공하기 위한 노력의 일환으로, 지역 TV 스포츠는 지역 이야기, 운동 선수 및 이벤트에 더 초점을 맞추고 있으며 일반 스포츠 팬을 위해 보다 기능 지향적이고 시청자 친화적인 보도를 만들고 있습니다. 전형적인 반응은 Midwest의 뉴스 디렉터가 “우리는 스포츠가 비스포츠 팬들에게 흥미로웠으면 합니다. 여기서 스포츠는 뉴스이고 커뮤니티입니다. 많은 케이블 스포츠 채널이 제공하는 것과는 반대로 시청자에게 지역 정보를 제공하십시오. 우리만이 현지에 갈 수 있습니다. 그들은 할 수 없습니다.”
지역 텔레비전 스포츠의 미래에 대해 뉴스 감독들은 이 연구에 대해 지금과 가까운 미래의 두 가지 뚜렷한 시간 프레임을 제안하는 더 비관적이었고, 지역 텔레비전 스포츠는 안전해 보이지만 뉴스 감독들은 그것을 매우 짧은 기간에 묶었습니다. 한 뉴스 디렉터는 이렇게 말했습니다. 지금은 하기 싫지만 앞으로는 할 수 있을 것”이라고 말했다.
Implications
Variations in community sports activities may be a mirrored image from the large upheaval happening throughout broadcast information. When the athletics sector is no longer Safe and sound, what about other information factors? CBS Team News Vp 스포츠중계 Joel Cheatwood (Trigoboff, 2002) stated, “[All this] forces us to reexamine the [news] design.”
On a far more quick amount, adjustments in the regional sports sector right affect 1000s of aspiring sportscasters. Stations that are lessening their motivation to athletics can also be lowering their sports workforce degrees, which impacts the job market place. A further news director explained, "[Sporting activities on newscasts] is dying." “We went from two full-time sportsmen to 1 whole-time, one accountable for the information a few times per week, and it had been a combat to remain there.”
Similarly important, adjustments in the best way sporting activities are introduced are forcing sports broadcasters to understand new approaches. Now not can sportscasters focus on scoring. They've to produce the presentation far more partaking for normal lovers. This is also important for journalism faculties across the country, which must document what stations want inside the sports activities sector and update their education curricula.
Will these alterations get the job done or persist? Athletics journalist Chuck Finder (2002) commented to the transform in KDKA, “Permit’s reserve closing judgment right up until September, if the Steelers, higher education, and high school football seasons start in earnest. Then the station will probably be . There's an error in clock administration.”